Although some skills can be built in parallel, most skills required to learn how to read proficiently are built sequentially along an age-appropriate continuum. Below is a list of the primary foundational reading skills:
- Oral language skills
- Ability to match shapes
- Letter knowledge
- Print concepts
- Phonological awareness
- Phoneme Awareness
- Alphabetic Principle
- Vocabulary
- Decoding
A good reference is the Reading Acquisition Framework by Sebastian Wren.